Paser language has many dialects so that there are few speakers of standard Paser language. In contrast, Indonesian is more often used to communicate in order to avoid Oman Phone Number List misunderstandings due to different dialects. The increasing number of migrants, such as Bugis, Javanese, and Banjar people living in Paser and North Penajam Paser Regencies, has also caused a lot of intermarriage and has degraded the use and speakers of the Paser language. This condition is also exacerbated by the inactivity of the Paser language activist community and the absence of the Paser language in teaching local content in Paser District. Meanwhile, many young Paser speakers also feel embarrassed and insecure about speaking Paser because they do not master it and feel more prestigious if they use Indonesian well. In the family environment, parents also do not get used to using Paser to communicate. Kutai Malay The number of speakers of Kutai Malay is more than any other regional language that has developed in East Kalimantan.
In terms of genealogical or genetic typology, Kutai Kotabangun Malay is a dialect of the Malay language in Kalimantan and belongs to the Austronesian family. The Kutai tribe does not have its own script. Oral traditions used by the Kutai ethnic group are generally recorded using writing in Arabic or Jawi script. Meanwhile, the Kutai language generally lives and develops in the form of narrative (conversation), as well as its literature in the form of poetry (pantun). Very little written evidence has been produced in Kutai Malay. In the 90s Kutai Malay was taught in schools, namely at the elementary level as a Kutai language subject. However, the implementation did not last long or only a few years. Over the past two years, the local government has been trying to revive the teaching of Kutai Malay in schools by including it as local content in Kutai Kartanegara Regency, although it is still in the planning and preparation stages. The speakers of Kutai Kotabangun Malay among the younger generation are visibly experiencing setbacks and shifts. The younger generation tends to feel happier and proud to speak Indonesian in everyday communication.